Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding sepsis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   The presence of microbes in the blood results in increased viscosity, and a rise in blood pressure is a hallmark of sepsis.
B)   Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the blood can induce sepsis.
C)   A sample of blood plated on a variety of bacterial media is a good method to identify the causative organism in sepsis.
D)   The Gram-negative cell envelope stimulates an inﬂammatory response that leads to endotoxic shock.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identi?ed by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope. For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not ?t the disease.

Accepted Answer

A)   Chagas disease; protozoan visible among blood cells
B)   Epstein-Barr virus; virus visible inside red blood cells
C)   Babesiosis; protozoan visible inside red blood cells
D)   Malaria; ring trophozoites visible inside red blood cellsE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding subacute endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in bioﬁlm growth.
B)   It is caused by autoantibodies that inappropriately target heart and valve tissue.
C)   It can be caused by oral bacteria that are introduced to the blood by dental procedures.
D)   It occurs exclusively in patients that have prior heart damage.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Salmonella typhimurium
B)   Francisella tularensis
C)   Bartonella henselae
D)   Brucella suis
E)   Yersinia pestisF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in Chikungunya and dengue fever.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding malaria?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites.
B)   Trophozoites develop in red blood cells.
C)   Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human.
D)   Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is not associated with sepsis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Fever and shaking chills
C)   Parenteral or endogenous transfer
D)   Endotoxic shock
E)   Drop in blood pressureF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Plague is a quarantinable disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

After a Drug Enforcement Agency raid on a location that housed intravenous drug users, several were brought to the hospital with rapid breathing, fever, and an altered mental state. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Many drug users are HIV-positive, so the patients should all be monitored for levels of CD4 T-cells before any other action is taken.
B)   A broad-spectrum antibiotic is needed promptly, as they are likely to be in septic shock from intravenous introduction of microbes into the blood.
C)   Unsanitary conditions in the house probably resulted in infestations with insects, so it's prudent to examine them for insect bites that may provide a clue.
D)   Stained blood smears should be performed promptly to look for abnormalities in the blood cells.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg?

Accepted Answer

A)   They transmitted by direct contact with body ?uids from affected individuals.
B)   Blood clotting is disrupted in an infection with these viruses.
C)   The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes.
D)   They are ?loviruses.
E)   There is currently no effective treatment for infected individuals.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following infectious agents and means of disposal are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Drums made with animal hides should be treated with sterilizing gas to eliminate endospores.
B)   Coagulation factors puriﬁed from blood must be heat-treated to destroy HIV.
C)   Carcasses of animals that died of anthrax must be incinerated to avoid endospores entering the soil.
D)   Mosquito bed nets must be washed in bleach weekly to eliminate any residual Plasmodium.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   leukemia
B)   melanoma
C)   Kaposi's sarcoma
D)   Hodgkin's lymphoma
E)   myelomaF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Bubonic plague is transmitted by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fomites
B)   rats
C)   sexual contact
D)   mosquitoes
E)   ?easF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Yersinia pestis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a gram-negative rod.
B)   It has a capsule as a virulence factor.
C)   It produces coagulase as a virulence factor.
D)   It produces an enterotoxin.
E)   It exhibits bipolar staining and appears to resemble a safety pin.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   parenteral entry
B)   droplets
C)   fomites
D)   casual contact
E)   ingestionF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48- to 72-hour episodes in a malaria patient are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   chills, fever, and sweating
B)   sore throat, low grade fever, and swollen lymph nodes
C)   bloody, mucus-ﬁlled stools, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss
D)   urinary frequency and pain, and vaginal discharge
E)   fever, swollen lymph nodes, and joint painF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Documented transmission of HIV involves ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   contaminated food
B)   mosquitoes
C)   unprotected sexual intercourse or contact with blood/blood products
D)   respiratory dropletsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

For the following list of anti-HIV drugs and their mechanism of action. Identify the mismatch.

Accepted Answer

A)   Protease inhibitor - blocks the active site of the protease required for assembling new viral particles
B)   Integrase inhibitor - blocks the active site of the enzyme required to splice HIV DNA into the human genome
C)   Reverse transcriptase inhibitor - blocks the active site of the enzyme required to convert viral RNA to DNA
D)   AZT (azidothymidine)  - as an analog of thymidine, it is incorporated into viral RNA in place of thymidineE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Plague exhibits a _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   septic form historically called the Black Death
B)   bubonic form in which swollen lesions termed buboes develop
C)   pneumonic form that manifests as a respiratory disease
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in Chikungunya and dengue fever.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following infectious agents and means of disposal are mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48- to 72-hour episodes in a malaria patient are _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plague exhibits a _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding malaria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For the following list of anti-HIV drugs and their mechanism of action. Identify the mismatch.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Documented transmission of HIV involves ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding sepsis is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not associated with sepsis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bubonic plague is transmitted by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Yersinia pestis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding subacute endocarditis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a Drug Enforcement Agency raid on a location that housed intravenous drug users, several were brought to the hospital with rapid breathing, fever, and an altered mental state. Which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plague is a quarantinable disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identi?ed by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope. For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not ?t the disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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