Question 1

How did structuralism and functionalism contribute to the early beliefs of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Students must mention the insistence of each approach on basing knowledge on scientific evidence. Further, they should explain the basic principles of each early perspective and the overlap with current psychological perspectives.

Question 2

Explain what is involved in a correlational study and why such studies are sometimes performed instead of experiments. Describe several drawbacks to correlational studies.

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies are like experimen...

Question 3

Jones probably agrees with the ________ theory of psychology, as he contends that humans are an intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic
B)   behavioral
C)   cognitive
D)   evolutionary
E)   developmentalF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 4

Random assignment

Accepted Answer

A)   ensures that studies can be replicated.
B)   is a good way to define the dependent variable.
C)   is difficult to achieve in research.
D)   must be used with great caution.
E)   minimizes any potential differences between the control and experimental groups.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists should study the mind?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic theory
B)   behaviorism
C)   Gestalt psychology
D)   cognitive psychology
E)   humanistic psychologyF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Ted is seeing a humanistic psychologist for therapy. His psychologist is most likely to focus on

Accepted Answer

A)   cultural guidelines that shaped Ted's personality.
B)   how Ted's parents shaped his behavior.
C)   striving for growth and exercising free will.
D)   the conflict between personal desires and social restrictions.
E)   Ted's unconscious resentment of his siblings.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E) C

Question 7

Some people believe that money can buy happiness. Dr. Goodwin wants to determine whether paying people plays a role in their happiness. The level of happiness would be considered to be the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental
B)   confounding
C)   dependent
D)   independent
E)   controlF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral
B)   sociocultural
C)   psychodynamic
D)   cognitive
E)   evolutionaryF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Which illness, once considered "eliminated" through vaccinations in the United States, is now reappearing in the U.S. with hundreds of new cases in 2014 and 2015?

Accepted Answer

A)   mumps
B)   rubella
C)   measles
D)   polio
E)   human papilloma virus (HPV) F) C) and E)
G) A) and D) C

Question 10

Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to "the science of behavior"?

Accepted Answer

A)   relation between grade-point average and salary
B)   thought processes students used while trying to answer this question
C)   how changes in the rate of television violence influence real-life violence
D)   effectiveness of several treatments for people who suffer from depression
E)   the hereditary determinants of sexual orientationF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 11

Identify some of the differences between the cognitive and behavioral perspectives.

Accepted Answer

Students should note that the cognitive ...

Question 12

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)   testing the hypothesis
B)   observing events
C)   forming a hypothesis
D)   formulating a theory
E)   randomizing participantsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

What is one of the major reasons that psychologists report results publicly?

Accepted Answer

A)   to comply with legal requirements
B)   to identify all the extraneous variables
C)   to allow researchers to replicate experiments
D)   to explain research results so that non-psychologists can understand them
E)   to validate grant funding that supported their researchF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Experimenters can justify the use of deception if

Accepted Answer

A)   there is informed consent.
B)   research is more important than people.
C)   it may be necessary for the experiment to work.
D)   it is not that harmful.
E)   there are no guidelines that prohibit any use of deception.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

"Differences in individuals are a result of differences in persistent characteristics and internal dispositions." This is the basic premise of which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)   trait and temperament psychology
B)   psychodynamic theory
C)   structuralism
D)   functionalism
E)   Gestalt psychologyF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

While on a visit to a large city, you observe several billboards in which a series of lights seems to move. Which perspective in psychology would most likely help you understand this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gestalt
B)   behavioral
C)   humanistic
D)   psychodynamic
E)   temperamentF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 17

A psychology teacher wants to determine whether computer-aided learning will produce higher standardized test scores than a usual lecture format. In this example, the independent variable is the

Accepted Answer

A)   individual students.
B)   students' previous grades in psychology.
C)   test scores.
D)   students' interest in psychology.
E)   method of instruction.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Some research questions cannot be answered using human experiments because

Accepted Answer

A)   some studies would be impractical or unethical.
B)   randomization is often hard to achieve.
C)   double-blind studies are usually dangerous to participants.
D)   researchers know that their results usually will not be published.
E)   they are not a very effective way to learn about cause-and-effect relationships.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Accepted Answer

A)   the ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls
B)   the development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis
C)   the math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S. students
D)   physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies
E)   the relationship between childhood nutrition and physical developmentF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Alicia wants to understand the impact of peer pressure on adolescent behavior. She goes to a popular mall and observes the activities and interactions of a group of adolescents. Alicia is using

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report measures.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   conditioning.
D)   introspection.
E)   a double-blind study.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

How did structuralism and functionalism contribute to the early beliefs of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents must mention the insistence of each approach on basing knowledge on scientific evidence. Further, they should explain the basic principles of each early perspective and the overlap with current psychological perspectives.

Explain what is involved in a correlational study and why such studies are sometimes performed instead of experiments. Describe several drawbacks to correlational studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedCorrelational studies are like experimen...View AnswerShow Answer

Jones probably agrees with the ________ theory of psychology, as he contends that humans are an intelligent species due to the fact that intelligence gives us an advantage in the natural world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random assignment

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which school of psychology questioned whether psychologists should study the mind?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ted is seeing a humanistic psychologist for therapy. His psychologist is most likely to focus on

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Some people believe that money can buy happiness. Dr. Goodwin wants to determine whether paying people plays a role in their happiness. The level of happiness would be considered to be the ________ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, customs, values, and traditions influence behavior, you are interested in the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which illness, once considered "eliminated" through vaccinations in the United States, is now reappearing in the U.S. with hundreds of new cases in 2014 and 2015?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to "the science of behavior"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify some of the differences between the cognitive and behavioral perspectives.

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents should note that the cognitive ...View AnswerShow Answer

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of the scientific method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one of the major reasons that psychologists report results publicly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimenters can justify the use of deception if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Differences in individuals are a result of differences in persistent characteristics and internal dispositions." This is the basic premise of which psychological perspective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While on a visit to a large city, you observe several billboards in which a series of lights seems to move. Which perspective in psychology would most likely help you understand this phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychology teacher wants to determine whether computer-aided learning will produce higher standardized test scores than a usual lecture format. In this example, the independent variable is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some research questions cannot be answered using human experiments because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alicia wants to understand the impact of peer pressure on adolescent behavior. She goes to a popular mall and observes the activities and interactions of a group of adolescents. Alicia is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Students must mention the insistence of each approach on basing knowledge on scientific evidence. Further, they should explain the basic principles of each early perspective and the overlap with current psychological perspectives.

Correct Answer
verified
Correlational studies are like experimen...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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C

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C

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Students should note that the cognitive ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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