Question 1

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Brown, Aristotle, Hermann Ebbinghaus, I.M.Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov, Charles Darwin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the contributions to the study of...

Question 2

Administration of a drug that prevents the movement of Ca ++ ions across the neural membrane into the cell is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase neurotransmitter release.
B)  decrease the strength of the action potential.
C)  decrease neurotransmitter release.
D)  increase the strength of the action potential.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following best characterizes Pavlov's extension of Descartes' theory of reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov demonstrated that new reflexes could develop through a mechanism of association.
B)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are innate and based on neural anatomy.
C)  Pavlov demonstrated that reflexes are due to a stimulus releasing a response from inhibition.
D)  Pavlov demonstrated that complex ideas develop from associations between sensory experiences.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus is similar because both researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  were using empirical methods to investigate reflexes.
B)  were using empirical methods to study laws of associations.
C)  extended Descartes' concept of dualism.
D)  were concerned with the study of the mind, not with physiological mechanisms.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What three primary sources provided the impetus...

Question 6

Which of the following most correctly states Descartes' position on human and animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human behavior is governed by free will; animal behavior is governed by reflexes.
B)  A few human and animal behaviors are governed by free will; most are governed by reflexes.
C)  Voluntary human behaviors are governed by free will; involuntary human behaviors and all animal behaviors are governed by reflexes.
D)  All human and animal behaviors can be explained by reflex mechanisms.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  One must assume that the animal in question is like humans.
B)  The animal behavior must be as complex as human behavior.
C)  One must identify a relevant similarity between the animal model and the human behavior of interest.
D)  The animal behavior must be similar to human behavior in most respects.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Sechenov extended Descartes' theory of reflexes by suggesting that

Accepted Answer

A)  not all reflexes are innate.
B)  mechanical stimulation of a nerve was sufficient to produce a motor response.
C)  reflexes are due to the fixed anatomy of the nervous system.
D)  some reflexes could be due to a stimulus releasing a response from inhibition.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Describe what happens when an action potential arrives at a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what happens when an action potential...

Question 10

What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  a comparison between data from observational and experimental studies
B)  a comparison between behavior before and behavior after learning takes place
C)  a comparison between behavior of subjects who have received a training experience and the behavior of others who have not
D)  a comparison between human and animal behaviors under similar circumstancesE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Describe the movements of ions across the neural membrane that allows for a neuron to send a signal down its length.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the movements of ions across the...

Question 12

Russell and Burch describe "3 Rs" for the use of animals in research.Which of the following is not one of the "Rs."

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement
B)  refining
C)  referencing
D)  reducingE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of the work of Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A)  He argued for a continuity from animals to humans.
B)  He attempted to characterize the evolution of psychological traits.
C)  He provided compelling evidence for various forms of animal intelligence.
D)  He suggested nonhuman animals had the capacity for curiosity, attention, and aesthetic sensibility.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above C

Question 14

Of the primary rules of association, which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity
B)  contingency
C)  contrast
D)  contiguityE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov extended Descartes' early conceptualization of the
role reflexes have in human behavior.

Accepted Answer

Answer not provided

Question 16

The British empiricists believed that complex ideas are

Accepted Answer

A)  sense experiences.
B)  present at birth.
C)  the product of simple sensations combined by association.
D)  simple reflex responses.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Describe why learning can only be studied by using experimental methods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe why learning can only be studied...

Question 18

What can behavioral studies of learning demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  how the elements of the nervous system change due to associative learning
B)  the conditions under which information is acquired
C)  the features of the reflex arc necessary for learning to occur
D)  All of theseE) None of the above
F) B) and C) B

Question 19

Describe the definition of learning and how learning is distinguished from other forms of behavior change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the definition of learning and how...

Question 20

Describe several alternatives to the use of animals in research and describe their advantages and disadvantages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe several alternatives to the use of...

Exam 1: Introduction

Describe the contributions to the study of learning made by three of the following individuals: René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Brown, Aristotle, Hermann Ebbinghaus, I.M.Sechenov, Ivan Pavlov, Charles Darwin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administration of a drug that prevents the movement of Ca ++ ions across the neural membrane into the cell is likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best characterizes Pavlov's extension of Descartes' theory of reflexes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus is similar because both researchers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What three primary sources provided the impetus for research of animal learning? Briefly describe how each line of interest influences contemporary research in learning processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following most correctly states Descartes' position on human and animal behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is necessary when using animal models to study human behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sechenov extended Descartes' theory of reflexes by suggesting that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what happens when an action potential arrives at a synapse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What comparison must be made to determine the cause of behavior change in learning experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the movements of ions across the neural membrane that allows for a neuron to send a signal down its length.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Russell and Burch describe "3 Rs" for the use of animals in research.Which of the following is not one of the "Rs."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of the work of Charles Darwin?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Of the primary rules of association, which has been most prominent in considerations of associations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how the research of I.M.Sechenov and Ivan Pavlov extended Descartes' early conceptualization of the role reflexes have in human behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer not provided

The British empiricists believed that complex ideas are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe why learning can only be studied by using experimental methods.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can behavioral studies of learning demonstrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Describe the definition of learning and how learning is distinguished from other forms of behavior change.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe several alternatives to the use of animals in research and describe their advantages and disadvantages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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Answer not provided

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B

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