Question 1

The general-process approach to learning assumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  all animals respond to training in a similar manner.
B)  learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that are consistent across situations.
C)  learning phenomena are products of elemental processes that change across situations.
D)  differing species will learn about similar stimuli and responses similarly.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to make new adjustments or to modify old ones, in accordance with the results of an animal's own individual experience.
B)  the ability to solve ever more difficult problems in the environment or laboratory.
C)  interacting in a meaningful way with members of the same species.
D)  interacting in a meaningful way with members of other species.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Comparisons of the behavior of laboratory-raised rats and the behavior of non-domesticated strains suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  conclusions reached in laboratory experiments must be tempered by the greatly different behavior between the two strains.
B)  the animals behave similarly.
C)  laboratory-raised animals behave similarly to the non-domesticated strains only in controlled environments.
D)  laboratory-raised animals are not able to survive in non-controlled environments, which limits conclusions from laboratory research.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Bob has designed an experiment in which he trains a mother rat.He is interested in behavior changes in her not yet conceived pups.He is most likely focused on which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral
B)  Cellular and genetic
C)  Neural system
D)  A non-scientific level of analysisE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A weight lifter can raise less and less weight as her sets go on.
B)  After a growth spurt, a child can now climb on the couch.
C)  In the spring, male birds are attracted to females, but not in the fall when the females are not receptive.
D)  None of theseE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following are rationales for the use of animal models of human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal models are cheaper than studies with humans.
B)  Animal models permit the investigations to be carried out more simply.
C)  Animal models allow for circumstances that can be better controlled.
D)  All of theseE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contractions were not produced by an infusion of gas.
B)  mechanical irritation of a nerve produced a muscle contraction.
C)  nerves are hollow tubes.
D)  separate nerves are involved in sensory and motor transmission.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Why is the learning-performance distinction important to researchers of learning phenomena? Provide three types of behavioral change that are not considered to be learning.Describe how each fails to meet the definition of learning.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and how the concept of the reflex has changed since his time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and...

Question 10

How might learning be studied at each of the major levels of analysis: behavioral, neural system, and molecular/cellular?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might learning be studied at each...

Question 11

What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the general-process approach? What evidence...

Question 12

John Locke believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the human mind was unpredictable and governed by free will.
B)  the ideas humans had were acquired directly or indirectly after birth.
C)  nativism best described human cognition.
D)  rules of association did not explain human behavior.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Accepted Answer

A)  was the first to empirically test the rules of association.
B)  demonstrated that separate nerves carry sensory and motor information.
C)  set forth the secondary rules of association.
D)  showed that irritation of a nerve was sufficient to produce a muscle contraction.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Causes can only be inferred, not observed directly.
B)  Causes are very similar across situations.
C)  Observations only provide evidence of prior experiences.
D)  Observational studies are only sufficient to document short-term behavior changes.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus.What do the two lines of investigation have in common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and...

Question 16

According to Descartes, what is the difference between human and animal behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans can perform voluntary behaviors; animals can perform only involuntary behaviors.
B)  Humans respond to environmental stimuli; animals only behave reflexively.
C)  Human reflexes are voluntary; animal reflexes are involuntary.
D)  Human behavior is explainable by natural laws; animal behavior is unpredictable.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

Accepted Answer

A)  the contents, but not the mechanisms, of the human mind.
B)  the contents and mechanisms of the human mind only at birth.
C)  the contents and mechanisms of the human mind.
D)  the mechanisms, but not the contents, of the human mind.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called

Accepted Answer

A)  dualism.
B)  nativism.
C)  empiricism.
D)  reflexism.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Describe how the definition of learning dictates what type of science the study of learning must be.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the definition of learning dictates...

Question 20

Sarah is interested in behavior accessible to conscious reflection.In terms of learning, she is probably most interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural learning.
B)  problematic learning.
C)  declarative learning.
D)  esoteric learning.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 1: Introduction

Why must learning be studied with experimental instead of observational techniques?

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What is the general-process approach? What evidence supports adopting such an approach in the study of learning phenomena? Why should caution be used in interpreting this evidence?

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Which of the following would correctly be identified as due to learning?

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Why is the learning-performance distinction important to researchers of learning phenomena? Provide three types of behavioral change that are not considered to be learning.Describe how each fails to meet the definition of learning.

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Comparisons of the behavior of laboratory-raised rats and the behavior of non-domesticated strains suggest that

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Compare the research of Ivan Pavlov and Hermann Ebbinghaus.What do the two lines of investigation have in common?

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Sarah is interested in behavior accessible to conscious reflection.In terms of learning, she is probably most interested in

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Hermann Ebbinghaus

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How might learning be studied at each of the major levels of analysis: behavioral, neural system, and molecular/cellular?

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The general-process approach to learning assumes that

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Describe Descartes' conception of the reflex and how the concept of the reflex has changed since his time.

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John Locke believed that

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George Romanes defined animal intelligence as

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John Swammerdam's contribution to the study of reflexes was to show that

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Bob has designed an experiment in which he trains a mother rat.He is interested in behavior changes in her not yet conceived pups.He is most likely focused on which level of analysis?

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According to Descartes, what is the difference between human and animal behaviors?

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The philosophical tenet that some of the content of the human mind is innate is called

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Which of the following are rationales for the use of animal models of human behavior?

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Describe how the definition of learning dictates what type of science the study of learning must be.

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Nativist and empiricist philosophies differ in beliefs of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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