Question 1

Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia that are associated with habituation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia...

Question 2

A bright light causes a startle response.The second presentation of the light elicits less of a response because the subject was temporarily blinded by the first light flash.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation.
B)  sensitization.
C)  sensory adaptation.
D)  habituationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory?
What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process...

Question 4

Explain the role of the S-R and state systems in elicited behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the role of the S-R and...

Question 5

Which of the following is true of visual attention in human infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  All stimuli elicit similar responses across repeated presentations.
B)  Infants initially increase responding to repeated presentations of complex stimuli and decrease responding to repeated presentations of simple stimuli.
C)  Infants initially increase responding to repeated presentations of simple stimuli and decrease responding to repeated presentations of complex stimuli.
D)  Infants increase responding to all stimuli as they become familiar with repeated presentations.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent neuron, efferent neuron, interneuron
B)  efferent neuron, afferent neuron, interneuron
C)  afferent neuron, sensory neuron, efferent neuron
D)  afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuronE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Your friend is surprised by his grandmother's reaction to the unfortunate passing of her husband.Although for years she had shown her husband no overt signs of affection, his death has left her devastated.You explain to your friend that according to the opponent-process theory this change is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a new a process activated by the funeral.
B)  a new b process activated by the funeral.
C)  the removal of the a process associated with her husband.
D)  the removal of the b process associated with her husband.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why repeated presentations of the same...

Question 9

According to the opponent-process theory, drug tolerance develops because

Accepted Answer

A)  the a process weakens.
B)  the b process weakens.
C)  the a process strengthens.
D)  the b process strengthens.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In Aplysia, the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase sensitivity of the motor neuron.
B)  increase the release of neurotransmitter from the sensory neuron.
C)  decrease the sensitivity of the motor neuron.
D)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter from the motor neuron.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

How does the dual-process theory account for habituation effects? Sensitization effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the dual-process theory account for...

Question 12

Describe components of the startle response and how the startle response may undergo sensitization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe components of the startle response and...

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  usually found in many species
B)  involves species-specific responses
C)  cannot be elicited by a stimulus found in the organism's usual environment
D)  involves movement towards or away from a stimulusE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  response fatigue.
B)  sensory adaptation.
C)  habituation.
D)  sensitization.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants, hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infants will show uniformly high levels of responding across all trials.
B)  The infants will increase, then decrease, responding.
C)  The infants will decrease, then increase, responding.
D)  The infants will show a high level of responding on the first trial, then decreasing responding on subsequent trials.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Your roommate no longer drinks his orange juice every morning like the doctor ordered.He says he does not care for it any more.Based on learning principles, to increase his juice consumption, and benefit his health you suggest

Accepted Answer

A)  switching to drinking mild vinegar.
B)  switching to drinking tangerine juice.
C)  eating peanuts before breakfast.
D)  requiring foraging in the refrigerator for the orange juice.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is that of habituation.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than
B)  greater than
C)  either less than or greater than (depending on the stimulus) 
D)  equal toE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

Accepted Answer

A)  a squirrel eating a walnut
B)  a robin searching for a worm
C)  a grandmother preparing a pie
D)  a young man issuing a threatening gestureE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Sensitization in the Aplysia occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  engagement of the facilitory interneuron.
B)  changes in the sensitivity of the motor neuron.
C)  changes in the sensitivity of the sensory neuron
D)  changes in the action potential of the sensory neuron.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

An emotion-arousing stimulus elicits

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion after-effects directly.
B)  the a process directly.
C)  the b process directly.
D)  the a and b processes directly.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

What is the correct pathway of the neural signal in a reflex arc?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your friend is surprised by his grandmother's reaction to the unfortunate passing of her husband.Although for years she had shown her husband no overt signs of affection, his death has left her devastated.You explain to your friend that according to the opponent-process theory this change is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bright light causes a startle response.The second presentation of the light elicits less of a response because the subject was temporarily blinded by the first light flash.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sensitization in the Aplysia occurs due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your roommate no longer drinks his orange juice every morning like the doctor ordered.He says he does not care for it any more.Based on learning principles, to increase his juice consumption, and benefit his health you suggest

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the dual-process theory account for habituation effects? Sensitization effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An emotion-arousing stimulus elicits

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe components of the startle response and how the startle response may undergo sensitization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding any given modal action pattern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of visual attention in human infants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia that are associated with habituation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is that of habituation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants, hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the role of the S-R and state systems in elicited behaviors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is likely to be the most stereotyped response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the opponent-process theory, drug tolerance develops because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation.What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Aplysia, the role of the facilitory interneuron is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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