Question 1

How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the comparator hypothesis explain the...

Question 2

Why is CS novelty important to consider in classical conditioning situations? What are the mechanisms that underlie
CS-preexposure effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is CS novelty important to consider...

Question 3

How might a researcher determine whether conditioned responding is due to S-S or S-R learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  run test trials with a novel CS
B)  run test trials with a novel US
C)  change the value of the CS
D)  change the value of the USE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

What, if any, limits are there on the kinds of stimuli that can serve as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in
Pavlovian conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What, if any, limits are there on...

Question 5

The comparator hypothesis predicts that the best means of extinguishing inhibitory responding is to

Accepted Answer

A)  present the CS+ with the US.
B)  present the CS+ alone.
C)  present the CS- alone.
D)  present the CS+ and CS- together without the US.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

According to Kamin, the blocking experiment demonstrates that classical conditioning occurs only when

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS is unexpected.
B)  the US is unexpected.
C)  the CS is expected.
D)  the US is expected.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Sucrose (sugar)  pellets serve to satisfy an innate drive, because of this

Accepted Answer

A)  they are always CSs.
B)  they are always USs
C)  they are sometimes CSs and sometimes USs
D)  they are always URsE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the UR.
B)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the US.
C)  The shape of the CR can be determined by the CS.
D)  The shape of the CR can be independent of other stimuli.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

How does the intertrial interval influence learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the intertrial interval influence learning?...

Question 10

The best evidence regarding sucrose pellets is

Accepted Answer

A)  they can only serve as a CS.
B)  they can only serve as a US
C)  whether they serve as a CS or US is relative.
D)  none of the aboveE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

According to Kamin, surprisingness of the US is important in classical conditioning procedures because of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates the mental effort needed to form associations.
B)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus A.
C)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus B.
D)  It startles the subject and blocks new learning about stimulus A and stimulus B.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Each of two stimuli fully predicts the presentation of a food pellet when presented alone.When the two stimuli are presented together followed by a food pellet, the associative value

Accepted Answer

A)  of both stimuli increases.
B)  of both stimuli decreases.
C)  of both stimuli remains the same.
D)  of one stimulus decreases while the other decreases.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience.Make sure you note the initial CS
and US.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common...

Question 14

Using the Rescorla-Wager model, predict ∆V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is lambda and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 0.

Accepted Answer

A)  0
B)  1/4 lambda
C)  1/2 lambda
D)  lambdaE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Research into the role of the US in determining the nature of the CR suggests which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The US is important to the form of the CR only if different CSs are used.
B)  The US only determines if the CR is an approach or avoidance response.
C)  The US only determines if the CR is vigorous or weak.
D)  The US determines many aspects of the CR, including very specific aspects of mouth and tongue movements.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Which model suggests that the CS is only informative if the subject has to wait less time for the US when the CS is present than if it is not present?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Rescorla-Wagner model
B)  the Pearce and Hall attentional model
C)  the comparator hypothesis
D)  the relative-waiting-time hypothesisE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

According to studies of belongingness, rats conditioned with

Accepted Answer

A)  illness learn a stronger aversion to audiovisual cues than to taste.
B)  shock learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues.
C)  illness learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues.
D)  either shock or illness learn stronger aversions to audiovisual cues than to taste.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

In the second phase of a blocking experiment, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both groups receive the same treatment.
B)  The experimental group receives exposure to a compound stimulus; the control group receives exposure to a single stimulus.
C)  The experimental group receives exposure to a single stimulus; the control group receives exposure to a compound stimulus.
D)  The experimental group receives exposure to a compound stimulus; the control group does not receive any further training.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

According to the behavior systems model, which of the following is true regarding the form of the CR?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be similar to that of the UR.
B)  It will oppose the form of the UR.
C)  It will be mediated by the intertrial interval.
D)  It will be mediated by the interstimulus interval.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Chicks presented with a lighted disk signaling warmth pecked at the disk, pushed the disk, and shook their heads in a snuggling manner.Their response to the heat was to nap.The conditioned response to the disk is best predicted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the stimulus substitution model
B)  the compensatory response model
C)  the behavioral systems model
D)  the belongingness modelE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 4: Classical Conditioning

What, if any, limits are there on the kinds of stimuli that can serve as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in Pavlovian conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the intertrial interval influence learning?

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Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best evidence regarding sucrose pellets is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is CS novelty important to consider in classical conditioning situations? What are the mechanisms that underlie CS-preexposure effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kamin, surprisingness of the US is important in classical conditioning procedures because of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The comparator hypothesis predicts that the best means of extinguishing inhibitory responding is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the second phase of a blocking experiment, which of the following occurs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research into the role of the US in determining the nature of the CR suggests which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of two stimuli fully predicts the presentation of a food pellet when presented alone.When the two stimuli are presented together followed by a food pellet, the associative value

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the Rescorla-Wager model, predict ∆V of stimulus B during conditioning trials with compound stimulus A/B when the associative value of A at the beginning of the trial is lambda and the associative value of B at the beginning of the trial is 0.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How might a researcher determine whether conditioned responding is due to S-S or S-R learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the comparator hypothesis explain the blocking effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the behavior systems model, which of the following is true regarding the form of the CR?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chicks presented with a lighted disk signaling warmth pecked at the disk, pushed the disk, and shook their heads in a snuggling manner.Their response to the heat was to nap.The conditioned response to the disk is best predicted by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sucrose (sugar) pellets serve to satisfy an innate drive, because of this

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which model suggests that the CS is only informative if the subject has to wait less time for the US when the CS is present than if it is not present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to studies of belongingness, rats conditioned with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe a higher-order conditioning situation from common human experience.Make sure you note the initial CS and US.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kamin, the blocking experiment demonstrates that classical conditioning occurs only when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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