Question 1

Which of the following pairs of stimuli will result in the greatest peak-shift phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright orange lightE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

According to Sidman, an equivalence class exists if members of the class have

Accepted Answer

A)  symmetry
B)  reflexivity
C)  transitivity
D)  all of the aboveE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of stimuli is least likely to result in a peak-shift effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = red light: S- = yellow light
B)  S+ = 900 Hz tone: S- = 990 Hz tone
C)  S+ = 90 degree line: S- = 45 degree line
D)  S+ = red square: S- = blue triangleE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following phenomena demonstrates that the greatest level of instrumental performance may occur in response to a novel stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the blocking effect
B)  overshadowing
C)  peak-shift
D)  equivalence trainingE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = white key light with black barE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Your professor tells you that your dog is demonstrating stimulus discrimination. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  your dog is responding differently to two or more stimuli.
B)  your dog is responding differently to repeated presentations of the same stimulus.
C)  your dog is responding similarly to two or more stimuli.
D)  it is time to find a new dog.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Describe a way to determine if an animal is demonstrating stimulus generalization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a way to determine if an...

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of Spence's theory as applied to the peak shift phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an absolute stimulus learning model basing behavior on the net excitatory properties of individual stimuli.
B)  It assumes that organisms learn to respond to a stimulus based on the relation of that stimulus to other cues present.
C)  It predicts the peak shift phenomenon will only occur when the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients overlap.
D)  The excitatory and inhibitory stimulus generalization gradients do not depend on one another.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

When pigeons are trained to respond to avoid shock in the presence of a combined light	one stimulus, the _____ is most likely to control the instrumental behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  light
B)  tone
C)  context of the test chamber
D)  Stimulus control is likely to vary widely across individuals.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Describe a way to determine if an animal is demonstrating stimulus discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe a way to determine if an...

Question 11

Which of the following best states the distribution of stimulus control over the instrumental behavior of pigeons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Responding in both appetitive and aversive situations is likely to be controlled by visual rather than auditory stimuli.
B)  Responding in both appetitive and aversive situations is likely to be controlled by auditory rather than visual stimuli.
C)  Responding in appetitive situations is more likely to be controlled by auditory cues; responding in aversive situations by visual cues.
D)  Responding in appetitive situations is more likely to be controlled by visual cues; responding in aversive situations by auditory cues.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell. When a buzzer sounds, pushing the lever does not result in food delivery. The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer. We can conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present.
B)  the hamster has learned to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
C)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
D)  that more information is needed to determine what the hamster has learned.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Assume you have a new position as a therapist. What are four things you can do to ensure that the treatment outcomes for your clients will generalize to settings outside your office?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume you have a new position as...

Question 14

Describe the relationship between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the relationship between stimulus discrimination and...

Question 15

Which of the following conditioning procedures will result in the flattest stimulus generalization gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  no training prior to testing with various frequency tones
B)  S+ = 500 Hz tone; S- = no tone
C)  S+ = 1000 Hz tone; S- = 900 Hz tone
D)  S+ = 600 Hz tone: S- = 500 Hz toneE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

A cat is trained to hit a suspended ball in the presence of a red light. Presentations of other lights were not followed by any reinforcers if the cat hit the ball. According to Spence, the cat learned

Accepted Answer

A)  to respond only when the S+ is present.
B)  to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
C)  to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present.
D)  to suppress inhibition when the S- is present.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The term "occasion setters" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  modulators of the response-reinforcer relationship in instrumental conditioning.
B)  modulators of the stimulus-response relationship in instrumental conditioning.
C)  modulators of the stimulus-reinforcer relationship in instrumental conditioning.
D)  modulators of the CS-US relationship in classical conditioning.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The fact that you are less likely to cheer in class than at a football game is an indication that

Accepted Answer

A)  the peak-shift phenomenon occurs in humans as well as animals.
B)  contextual cues can be involved in discrimination training.
C)  blocking effects occur across contexts.
D)  you are stuck with a boring professor.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

What are some of the differences between conditioned excitation and modulation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the differences between...

Question 20

Stimulus control of instrumental behavior is demonstrated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  similar responding in the presence of similar stimuli
B)  similar responding in the presence of different stimuli
C)  differential responding in the presence of different stimuli
D)  differential responding in the presence of similar stimuliE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior

A cat is trained to hit a suspended ball in the presence of a red light. Presentations of other lights were not followed by any reinforcers if the cat hit the ball. According to Spence, the cat learned

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term "occasion setters" refers to

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Which of the following is not true of Spence's theory as applied to the peak shift phenomenon?

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Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

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A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell. When a buzzer sounds, pushing the lever does not result in food delivery. The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer. We can conclude

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe a way to determine if an animal is demonstrating stimulus generalization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of stimuli will result in the greatest peak-shift phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of stimuli is least likely to result in a peak-shift effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimulus control of instrumental behavior is demonstrated by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe a way to determine if an animal is demonstrating stimulus discrimination.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assume you have a new position as a therapist. What are four things you can do to ensure that the treatment outcomes for your clients will generalize to settings outside your office?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When pigeons are trained to respond to avoid shock in the presence of a combined light\tone stimulus, the _____ is most likely to control the instrumental behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following phenomena demonstrates that the greatest level of instrumental performance may occur in response to a novel stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best states the distribution of stimulus control over the instrumental behavior of pigeons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following conditioning procedures will result in the flattest stimulus generalization gradient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your professor tells you that your dog is demonstrating stimulus discrimination. This means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the relationship between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sidman, an equivalence class exists if members of the class have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that you are less likely to cheer in class than at a football game is an indication that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are some of the differences between conditioned excitation and modulation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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