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Exam 32: Behavioral Biology

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Question 1

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Which of the following is the best interpretation of the graph below of mussel size (x-axis) versus energy gain (line graph, left y-axis) , and number of mussels eaten per day (histogram, right y-axis) ?

A) Mussels are selected as food sources by crabs.
B) Crabs select mussels in a way that maximizes their energy gain.
C) Mussel size does not seem to be a good predictor as to which mussel hungry crabs will select.
D) Crabs tend to consume most of the largest mussels.
E) Crabs prefer the mussels with the smallest length for their food resources.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Question 2

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Which are examples of advantages that different species might have due to living in a group? (Check all that apply.)

A) Wolves in a pack can take down larger prey than those alone.
B) Zebras in a herd have added protection from predators.
C) Because of their social nature, diseases like rabies can spread quickly through a bat colony.
D) A colony of termites can build mounds over 20 feet high, with elaborate tunnels and ventilation systems.
E) A flamingo in a large flock may have trouble competing for food.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Question 3

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Based on the animal cognition experiments you have learned about, if you wanted to design a test of animal cognition, what might you include in your experiment? (Check all that apply.)

Tinbergen observed that after gull nestlings hatch, the parents remove the eggshells from the nest. To understand why (ultimate causation) , he painted chicken eggs to resemble gull eggs, which had camouflage coloration to allow them to be inconspicuous against the natural background. He distributed them throughout the area in which the gulls were nesting, placing broken eggshells with their prominent white interiors next to some of the eggs. As a control, he left other camouflaged eggs alone without eggshells. He then noted which eggs were found more easily by crows. Because the crows could use the white interior of a broken eggshell as a cue, they ate more of the camouflaged eggs that were near eggshells. Tinbergen concluded that eggshell removal behavior is adaptive: it reduces predation and thus increases the offspring's chances of survival. -Rank these experiments from worst to best to study why gulls remove broken eggshells from their nests.

Male fruit flies perform a complex mating dance, that includes following the female, vibrating a wing to produce a species-specific song, and picking up chemosensory cues by tapping with the legs and licking with the tongue. What physiological features are likely important for causing this behavior? (Check all that apply.)

Which of the studies below provide evidence linking genes and behavior? (Check all that apply.)

One spring, your friend living in Minnesota eagerly sets up her new hummingbird feeders, and is thrilled to watch hummingbirds feeding on the nectar. However, she is disappointed when after just a week or two the hummingbirds disappear. What advice would you give her?

Tinbergen observed that after gull nestlings hatch, the parents remove the eggshells from the nest. To understand why (ultimate causation) , he painted chicken eggs to resemble gull eggs, which had camouflage coloration to allow them to be inconspicuous against the natural background. He distributed them throughout the area in which the gulls were nesting, placing broken eggshells with their prominent white interiors next to some of the eggs. As a control, he left other camouflaged eggs alone without eggshells. He then noted which eggs were found more easily by crows. Because the crows could use the white interior of a broken eggshell as a cue, they ate more of the camouflaged eggs that were near eggshells. Tinbergen concluded that eggshell removal behavior is adaptive: it reduces predation and thus increases the offspring's chances of survival. -What legitimate factors might lead a scientist to do an imperfect version of an experiment, such as using chicken eggs as a stand-in for gull eggs? (Check all that apply.)

Platys and swordtails are related tropical freshwater fish. In studies, researchers have shown that female platys prefer males with swords, even though males of their own species do not have them. What does this suggest about the origin of the swordtail feature?

Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation for these graphs? Maternal care (as measured by minutes crouching over offspring and proportion of pups retrieved) in female mice that have the fosB allele is

What is the probability that identical twins will share the same genetype for genes that influence human behavior?

At a research conference, you meet a graduate student who studies the hormonal underpinnings of mating behavior in two species of squirrel. "It turns out the difference between my two squirrel species is similar to the difference between the prairie and the montane voles," he says. You nod knowingly, and reply...

Swordtail fish are known for the long extensions on the males' tails. What types of experiments might help you determine whether the females are using visual input about tail length to choose between males? (Check the best three.)

Your study buddy is frustrated. "This book says that a single gene can make mice exhibit a certain behavior. That's ridiculous! How can you build any kind of neural circuit with just one gene?" What is your response?

What are likely outcomes for a female who is not choosy enough, and has too broad of an acceptance of reproductive signals? (Check all that apply.)

Pea fowl (peacocks and peahens) show sexual dimorphism -- males have long blue-green tail feathers with eyespots, while females have short brown tail feathers. Which statement best describes the graphed data about peacocks?

What three features define eusociality? (Check three.)

Which statement best sums up our understanding of how animals navigate during migration?

Foraging bees communicate with other bees in a waggle dance to give information about the food. The important cue in the dance that conveys information about the required flight direction to the food source relative to the hive-sun direction is the

The development of normal maternal behavior in female mice depends on interactions between the female and her young and the presence of a gene called fosB. In mice with functional fosB genes, a sequence of events occurs after babies are born. Arrange the events in their normal sequence following the birth of baby mice for a wildtype female.