Question 1

An independent variable in an experiment refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the variable that is held constant across experimental conditions.
B)   the variable deliberately manipulated by the experimenter.
C)   the variable that the experimenter believes will change in value because of systematic correlations that exist in the experiment.
D)   the variable that provides an alternative explanation for the results of the experiment.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

When clinical psychologists do case studies of their clients for diagnostic purposes they are conducting empirical research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Placebos are used in research to control for

Accepted Answer

A)   nontreatment effects.
B)   the subjects' expectations about treatment.
C)   secondary drug effects.
D)   random fluctuations in the independent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Dr.Prutherow believes that people who are under stress will develop more colds than people who are not under stress.When he randomly selects 10 participants and exposes them to high levels of stress,he finds that 9 of the participants develop colds.Based on these results he concludes that stress causes an increase in colds.Dr.Prutherow's reasoning may be flawed because in this study

Accepted Answer

A)   there was no dependent variable in his study.
B)   there was no control group for comparison.
C)   he didn't formulate a hypothesis before he collected his data.
D)   he didn't measure the independent variable when the study ended.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

A clinical psychologist notes that an unusually large number of obese people are depressed or anxious,and she offers an explanation that excess weight causes emotional disorders.Her explanation is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothesis.
B)   theory.
C)   opinion.
D)   fact.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Explain what makes psychology a science.

Accepted Answer

Scientists assume that there are constan...

Question 7

Zigfried Rosenblat,Jr.took part in a study on sexual deviance last year.He was somewhat dismayed when he read an article in a weekly journal discussing sexual deviance in which one patient was referred to as ZRJ.Although the article claimed all names had been disguised to protect personal identities,Zigfried is convinced he is the individual described in the article.In this case,it is possible that the researchers who conducted the study violated the ethical principle of

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent.
B)   right to privacy.
C)   full disclosure.
D)   adequate debriefing.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

While a(n) ____ is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study,the ____ is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalize or extend their findings to describe.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental group; control group
B)   control group; experimental group
C)   population; sample
D)   sample; populationE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The principle advantage of the experimental method is that the final conclusions can be extended to everyday behavior that occurs outside the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Dr.Dobbins wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families.The first step in her scientific investigation would be to

Accepted Answer

A)   design the study and select the research method.
B)   analyze the data.
C)   formulate a testable hypothesis.
D)   collect the data.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Charley tells you that 17 out of the 30 students enrolled in his English class scored exactly 62 points on the last exam.Conceptually,this is the same as saying

Accepted Answer

A)   the mean for that particular English exam was 62 points.
B)   the median for that particular English exam was 62 points.
C)   the standard deviation for that particular English exam was 62 points.
D)   the mode for that particular English exam was 62 points.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Sometimes a subject's expectations may lead to behavior change in the absence of any effective treatment.This is referred to as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   sampling bias.
B)   experimenter bias.
C)   socially desirable responding.
D)   the placebo effect.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

In an experiment the investigator varies the dependent variable and measures the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

One is most likely to encounter problems with the social desirability bias when using

Accepted Answer

A)   self-reports.
B)   case studies.
C)   naturalistic observations.
D)   the experimental method.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The data obtained in a research study,along with the statistical analyses,are reported in the

Accepted Answer

A)   introduction section of a journal article.
B)   results section of a journal article.
C)   method section of a journal article.
D)   discussion section of a journal article.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

In psychology,MOST journal articles are

Accepted Answer

A)   descriptions of newly developed theories.
B)   reports that describe original empirical studies.
C)   criticisms of previously published research.
D)   reviews that summarize and reconcile the findings from a large number of studies.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In experimental research,the researcher manipulates the ____ variable in order to measures its effect on the ____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent; independent
B)   dependent; extraneous
C)   independent; dependent
D)   independent; extraneousE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Darla has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects.When the surveys are returned Darla needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

Accepted Answer

A)   placebo effects.
B)   self-report biases.
C)   statistical artifacts.
D)   meta-analytic controls.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

The measure of central tendency that is MOST sensitive to (or most influenced by) extreme scores in a distribution is the

Accepted Answer

A)   standard deviation.
B)   mean.
C)   median.
D)   mode.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Dr.Kincaid was interested in the topic of autistic savants (individuals with limited abilities in many areas,but with an exceptional talent in one specific area) .In the initial part of the investigation Dr.Kincaid carefully observed and compiled detailed files on three individuals who were autistic savants.Dr.Kincaid is conducting

Accepted Answer

A)   case study research.
B)   survey research.
C)   correlational research.
D)   experimental research.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

Correct Answer
verified

The principle advantage of the experimental method is that the final conclusions can be extended to everyday behavior that occurs outside the laboratory.

Correct Answer
verified

When clinical psychologists do case studies of their clients for diagnostic purposes they are conducting empirical research.

Correct Answer
verified

One is most likely to encounter problems with the social desirability bias when using

Correct Answer
verified

The measure of central tendency that is MOST sensitive to (or most influenced by) extreme scores in a distribution is the

Correct Answer
verified

Charley tells you that 17 out of the 30 students enrolled in his English class scored exactly 62 points on the last exam.Conceptually,this is the same as saying

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Explain what makes psychology a science.

Correct Answer
verified
Scientists assume that there are constan...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Placebos are used in research to control for

Correct Answer
verified

Dr.Dobbins wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families.The first step in her scientific investigation would be to

Correct Answer
verified

Darla has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects.When the surveys are returned Darla needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

Correct Answer
verified

A clinical psychologist notes that an unusually large number of obese people are depressed or anxious,and she offers an explanation that excess weight causes emotional disorders.Her explanation is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

In psychology,MOST journal articles are

Correct Answer
verified

Sometimes a subject's expectations may lead to behavior change in the absence of any effective treatment.This is referred to as an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The data obtained in a research study,along with the statistical analyses,are reported in the

Correct Answer
verified

An independent variable in an experiment refers to

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment the investigator varies the dependent variable and measures the independent variable.

Correct Answer
verified

In experimental research,the researcher manipulates the variable in order to measures its effect on the variable.

Correct Answer
verified

While a(n) is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study,the is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalize or extend their findings to describe.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principle advantage of the experimental method is that the final conclusions can be extended to everyday behavior that occurs outside the laboratory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When clinical psychologists do case studies of their clients for diagnostic purposes they are conducting empirical research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One is most likely to encounter problems with the social desirability bias when using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The measure of central tendency that is MOST sensitive to (or most influenced by) extreme scores in a distribution is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Charley tells you that 17 out of the 30 students enrolled in his English class scored exactly 62 points on the last exam.Conceptually,this is the same as saying

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain what makes psychology a science.

Correct AnswerverifiedScientists assume that there are constan...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placebos are used in research to control for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Dobbins wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families.The first step in her scientific investigation would be to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darla has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects.When the surveys are returned Darla needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clinical psychologist notes that an unusually large number of obese people are depressed or anxious,and she offers an explanation that excess weight causes emotional disorders.Her explanation is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In psychology,MOST journal articles are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sometimes a subject's expectations may lead to behavior change in the absence of any effective treatment.This is referred to as an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The data obtained in a research study,along with the statistical analyses,are reported in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An independent variable in an experiment refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment the investigator varies the dependent variable and measures the independent variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In experimental research,the researcher manipulates the ____ variable in order to measures its effect on the ____ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While a(n) ____ is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study,the ____ is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalize or extend their findings to describe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Scientists assume that there are constan...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In experimental research,the researcher manipulates the variable in order to measures its effect on the variable.

Correct Answer
verified

While a(n) is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study,the is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalize or extend their findings to describe.

Correct Answer
verified