Question 1

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the American civil rights movement.
B)  Gestalt psychology.
C)  his experiences in Nazi Germany.
D)  the emergence of cognitive neuroscience.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

Accepted Answer

A)  arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain.
B)  arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain.
C)  are not proper subject matter for science research.
D)  usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud and Jung.
B)  Skinner and Watson.
C)  Rogers and Maslow.
D)  Gall and Broca.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the brain was analogous to:

Accepted Answer

A)  computer hardware
B)  computer software
C)  an electrical source
D)  programming languageE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  consciousness.
B)  reinforcement.
C)  punishment.
D)  reaction time.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

Accepted Answer

A)  by cognitive psychologists rebelling against John Watson's behaviorism.
B)  before the founding of the American Psychological Association.
C)  when academic psychologists wanted an organization that focused on the needs of psychologists carrying out scientific research.
D)  as a result of a union of the American Psychological Association and the European Psychological Association.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Accepted Answer

A)  basic elements themselves.
B)  functional value of those elements.
C)  behavioral correlates of those elements.
D)  cross-cultural differences in those elemental relationships.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

A college student taking introductory psychology decides to test Piaget's theories of mental development on her 3-year-old brother who loves hot dogs and is very hungry. She shows him two hot dogs. Then, while he is watching, she breaks one of the hot dogs in half. She asks if he would like one hot dog (the intact hot dog)  or two hot dogs (the hot dog cut in half) . Consistent with Piaget's findings, the child:

Accepted Answer

A)  selects the intact hot dog.
B)  selects the hot dog cut in half.
C)  says she is silly because both are the same.
D)  becomes confused and starts crying.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Open a psychological laboratory in the United States.
B)  Establish an empirical journal devoted to publishing psychological research.
C)  Establish a professional association for psychologists.
D)  Measure the speed of a nervous impulse.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Which scenario represents the principle of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  doing the same thing over and over again regardless of the consequences
B)  blinking when a particle lands in your eye
C)  studying hard because it results in good grades
D)  introspecting about a pleasurable experience in your lifeE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  proposed that behavior was governed, in part, by unconscious sexual desires.
B)  lacked empirical support for its effectiveness.
C)  denied the existence of the mind and human free will.
D)  focused only on observable behavior and ignored the role of cognition.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  predict and control behavior.
B)  understand both the structure and function of consciousness.
C)  determine the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and thought.
D)  ease psychological distress and help people reach their fullest potential.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of these is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005)  in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroscience
B)  psychology
C)  chemistry
D)  physicsE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  visual illusions are caused by faulty thinking.
B)  the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
C)  images are produced in different parts of the brain.
D)  hallucinations are the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalism; behaviorism
B)  functionalism; structuralism
C)  structuralism; behaviorism
D)  structuralism; functionalismE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Who wrote the landmark book entitled Cognitive Psychology (1967) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Miller
B)  Noam Chomsky
C)  Donald Broadbent
D)  Ulric NeisserE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin; Ivan Pavlov
B)  Wilhelm Wundt; B. F. Skinner
C)  Edward Titchener; Rosalie Rayner
D)  B. F. Skinner; Margaret Floy WashburnE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive psychology
B)  structuralism
C)  evolutionary psychology
D)  cognitive neuroscienceE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner
B)  Kurt Lewin
C)  Jean Piaget
D)  Frederic BartlettE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

Accepted Answer

A)  90
B)  70
C)  40
D)  10E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.

Correct Answer
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Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

Correct Answer
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Which scenario represents the principle of reinforcement?

Correct Answer
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According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

Correct Answer
verified

William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

Correct Answer
verified

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Correct Answer
verified

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

Correct Answer
verified

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

Correct Answer
verified

Who wrote the landmark book entitled Cognitive Psychology (1967) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

Correct Answer
verified

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Correct Answer
verified

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

Correct Answer
verified

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Correct Answer
verified

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

Correct Answer
verified

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the brain was analogous to:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which scenario represents the principle of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who wrote the landmark book entitled Cognitive Psychology (1967) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the brain was analogous to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.

Correct Answer
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William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.

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