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Robert and Neal are playing the ultimatum game, starting with $100. Based on the coin toss, Robert is the player to propose a division of the $100. If Robert acts as economic theory assumes and Neal acts as experimental evidence shows, Neal will


A) accept Robert's proposal of keeping $99 and offering Neal $1.
B) accept Robert's proposal of keeping $60 and offering Neal $40.
C) reject Robert's proposal of keeping $99 and offering Neal $1.
D) reject Robert's proposal of keeping $60 and offering Neal $40.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 22-16 The Johnson family is planning a vacation and, though Mr. and Mrs. Johnson will be paying for the trip, they have decided to use a democratic voting process to choose their destination. The family members' preferences are reflected in the table below. Table 22-16 The Johnson family is planning a vacation and, though Mr. and Mrs. Johnson will be paying for the trip, they have decided to use a democratic voting process to choose their destination. The family members' preferences are reflected in the table below.   -Refer to Table 22-16. Suppose that before the family can arrive at their decision, Opryland announced that it will be closed for the season due to flooding. If the family uses a Borda count, their vacation destination will be A)  Grand Canyon B)  Sea World C)  Disneyland D)  There is a tie between the Grand Canyon and Disneyland. -Refer to Table 22-16. Suppose that before the family can arrive at their decision, Opryland announced that it will be closed for the season due to flooding. If the family uses a Borda count, their vacation destination will be


A) Grand Canyon
B) Sea World
C) Disneyland
D) There is a tie between the Grand Canyon and Disneyland.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Budweiser typically purchases several 30 second advertising spots during the Super Bowl at a very high cost. Miller Brewing Co. typically does not advertise during the Super Bowl. Which of the following is correct?


A) Budweiser chooses to signal during the Super Bowl, while Miller Brewing Co. does not.
B) Budweiser chooses to screen during the Super Bowl, while Miller Brewing Co. does not.
C) Miller does not advertise during the Super Bowl because it has a superior product and the audience already knows that.
D) Budweiser's advertisements during the Super Bowl are entertaining but convey no information about the quality of its products.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Don is convinced that it would be best if the U.S. was on a gold standard. He enthusiastically reads any editorials or articles that confirm his view. He frequently dismisses editorials and articles that argue against the gold standard because he presumes they are flawed or written by "crackpots." Don's behavior is an example of which of the following systematic mistakes that people make?


A) people are overconfident
B) people give too much weight to a small number of vivid observations
C) people are reluctant to change their minds
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Evidence from experiments in which real people play the ultimatum game supports the idea that people care about fairness as well as about maximization of their personal wealth.

A) True
B) False

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Table 22-25 Sophie, Huan, and Santiago are lost with no map or GPS available. They come to an intersection at which they can turn left, turn right, or continue going straight. Their preferences are summarized in the table. Table 22-25 Sophie, Huan, and Santiago are lost with no map or GPS available. They come to an intersection at which they can turn left, turn right, or continue going straight. Their preferences are summarized in the table.   -Refer to Table 22-25. The travelers decide to conduct pairwise voting with the majority determining the outcome of each vote to decide their next move. If they first choose between going left and going right, and then choose between the winner of the first vote and going straight, which direction will they go? -Refer to Table 22-25. The travelers decide to conduct pairwise voting with the majority determining the outcome of each vote to decide their next move. If they first choose between going left and going right, and then choose between the winner of the first vote and going straight, which direction will they go?

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Suppose that there are 175 voters in an election and that 80 of them prefer a $100 budget while the remainder prefer a $150 budget. Which of the following statements is true?


A) The Condorcet Paradox predicts that the $100 budget will win even though fewer people prefer that budget.
B) The median voter theorem predicts that the winning budget will be $125, the median of the preferences of the two types of voters.
C) Arrow's impossibility theorem says that the winning budget cannot be determined in this election since there is no unanimity.
D) None of the above.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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The fact that someone with a high risk of medical problems is likely to buy a large amount of health insurance is an example of


A) adverse selection.
B) monitoring.
C) moral hazard.
D) screening.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Table 22-2 Three longtime friends-Allen, Brian, and Cody-are deciding how they will spend their Sunday afternoon. They all agree that they should do one of three things: go to a movie, play golf, or go to a baseball game. They also agree that they will have two pairwise votes to determine how to spend their afternoon, with the majority determining the outcome on each vote. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below. Table 22-2 Three longtime friends-Allen, Brian, and Cody-are deciding how they will spend their Sunday afternoon. They all agree that they should do one of three things: go to a movie, play golf, or go to a baseball game. They also agree that they will have two pairwise votes to determine how to spend their afternoon, with the majority determining the outcome on each vote. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below.   -Refer to Table 22-2. Which of the following statements is correct? A)  In a pairwise election,  golf  beats  movie.  B)  In a pairwise election,  baseball game  beats  golf.  C)  In a pairwise election,  movie  beats  baseball game.  D)  All of the above are correct. -Refer to Table 22-2. Which of the following statements is correct?


A) In a pairwise election, "golf" beats "movie."
B) In a pairwise election, "baseball game" beats "golf."
C) In a pairwise election, "movie" beats "baseball game."
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 22-15 Diane, Henry, and Linda are voting for who to promote. They can only promote one candidate. Their preferences are given in the table below. Table 22-15 Diane, Henry, and Linda are voting for who to promote. They can only promote one candidate. Their preferences are given in the table below.   -Refer to Table 22-15. If elections were held where voters choose either Fred or Beth, and then choose either the winner or Mary, what would the results be? A)  Fred would win the first and second election. B)  Fred would win the first election and Mary would win the second. C)  Beth would wind the first and second election. D)  Beth would win the first election and Mary would win the second. -Refer to Table 22-15. If elections were held where voters choose either Fred or Beth, and then choose either the winner or Mary, what would the results be?


A) Fred would win the first and second election.
B) Fred would win the first election and Mary would win the second.
C) Beth would wind the first and second election.
D) Beth would win the first election and Mary would win the second.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Table 22-3 Three family members -- Seamus, Maeve, and Siobhan -- are deciding what type of movie to attend. The three choices are an action adventure, comedy, or horror. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below. Table 22-3 Three family members -- Seamus, Maeve, and Siobhan -- are deciding what type of movie to attend. The three choices are an action adventure, comedy, or horror. The first, second, and third choices for each person are as indicated in the table below.   -Refer to Table 22-3. If the voting method is a Borda count, which alternative will be chosen? A)  Comedy B)  Action C)  Horror D)  None of the above is correct; a Borda count fails to produce a winner in this instance. -Refer to Table 22-3. If the voting method is a Borda count, which alternative will be chosen?


A) Comedy
B) Action
C) Horror
D) None of the above is correct; a Borda count fails to produce a winner in this instance.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The Condorcet paradox shows that there is no scheme for aggregating individual preferences into a valid set of social preferences.

A) True
B) False

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Susan buys automobile insurance from Provident Insurance Company. If Susan avoids having an accident for three years, Provident will reduce the premiums she has to pay for her insurance. Nevertheless, she routinely drives while eating or texting and speeds up to try to make it through yellow lights.


A) This is an adverse selection problem which should be corrected with government intervention.
B) Susan is a principal and Provident is an agent in this principal-agent problem.
C) This is a moral hazard problem.
D) There is no way for Provident to determine whether Susan is a cautious or risky driver.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Table 22-14 Amy, Beth, and Connie are on a hiring committee. They have interviewed 3 candidates identified by their last names and are going to vote on which one is hired. Table 22-14 Amy, Beth, and Connie are on a hiring committee. They have interviewed 3 candidates identified by their last names and are going to vote on which one is hired.   -Refer to Table 22-14. Which of the following is correct for this election? There is A)  both transitivity and independence of irrelevant alternatives. B)  transitivity but not independence of irrelevant alternatives. C)  independence of irrelevant alternatives. but not transitivity. D)  neither transitivity nor independence of irrelevant alternatives. -Refer to Table 22-14. Which of the following is correct for this election? There is


A) both transitivity and independence of irrelevant alternatives.
B) transitivity but not independence of irrelevant alternatives.
C) independence of irrelevant alternatives. but not transitivity.
D) neither transitivity nor independence of irrelevant alternatives.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Condorcet explained his paradox in a 1951 book called Social Choice and Individual Values.

A) True
B) False

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Table 22-13 A high school Spanish class and their teacher are planning to take a Spring Break trip abroad but they have to decide where to go. They have narrowed the options to: Spain, Mexico, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below. Table 22-13 A high school Spanish class and their teacher are planning to take a Spring Break trip abroad but they have to decide where to go. They have narrowed the options to: Spain, Mexico, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The voters' preferences are shown in the table below.   -Refer to Table 22-13. In a pairwise election between Costa Rica and Ecuador and then a second election between the winner and Mexico, which countries are chosen? A)  Costa Rica is chosen in the in the first and second elections. B)  Costa Rica is chosen in the first election and Mexico is chosen in the second. C)  Ecuador is chosen in the first and second elections. D)  Ecuador is chosen in the first election and Mexico is chosen in the second. -Refer to Table 22-13. In a pairwise election between Costa Rica and Ecuador and then a second election between the winner and Mexico, which countries are chosen?


A) Costa Rica is chosen in the in the first and second elections.
B) Costa Rica is chosen in the first election and Mexico is chosen in the second.
C) Ecuador is chosen in the first and second elections.
D) Ecuador is chosen in the first election and Mexico is chosen in the second.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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People with hidden health problems are more likely to buy health insurance than other people. As a result, people in average health may observe the high prices of insurance and decide not to buy it. This is an example of

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If preferences exhibit the property of transitivity, then


A) the preferences are irrational.
B) individuals prefer more government involvement in private markets than do people whose preferences are not transitive.
C) preferences change over time more quickly than when preferences are not transitive.
D) preferences satisfy one of the properties assumed to be desirable by Kenneth Arrow in Social Choice and Individual Values.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Studies of human decision-making have found that people do not give enough weight to a small number of vivid observations.

A) True
B) False

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The classic example of adverse selection is the market for used cars.

A) True
B) False

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